The gravidic acute renal failure (ARF) becomes a rare complications of the pregnancy in the industrialized countries, whereas it is still frequent in the developing countries and responsible of great maternofetal morbidity and mortality. We studied the etiologic and evolutive aspects of the gravidic ARF in 55 patients during 18 years (1981-1998) at the department of nephrology, hospital center Ibn Rochd in Casablanca. The gravidic ARF represents 65% of the gravidic patients. The mean age of the patients is 30.92 +/- 6.44 years old. The mean parity is 3.38 +/- 2.25. The mean term is 31.73 +/- 10.02 weeks of amenorrhea. The main etiology is the preeclampsia and eclampsia, 41 patients (74.5%); the other causes are: the septic conditions: 6 patients (11%); the obstetrical hemorrhages: 4 patients (7.2%); the in uterofetal death: 3 patients (5.5%) and the post-cesarotomy: 1 patient (1.8%). 74.6% of the patients has been hemodialysed. The evolution has been characterized by the normal recuperation of the renal function is 48 patients (87.3%), a chronic renal failure in 2 patients (3.6%) and the death of 5 patients (mortality: 9.1%). The gravidic ARF is still a critical circumstances associated to a severe prognosis as well as in the woman and the fetus. So, the most effective measures are still the prevention and the managing of the obstetrical complications.